Sciatica is a condition characterized by pain radiating along the path of the sciatic nerve, which extends from the lower back through the hips and buttocks and down each leg. It is typically caused by compression or irritation of the sciatic nerve.
A slipped or ruptured intervertebral disc compresses the sciatic nerve, causing sharp pain, tingling, or numbness that radiates from the lower back to the leg.
Wear and tear on spinal discs reduce cushioning between vertebrae, leading to stiffness, chronic lower back pain, and potential nerve compression.
Narrowing of the spinal canal puts pressure on the sciatic nerve, causing pain, numbness, weakness, and discomfort, often worsening with standing or walking.
Forward slipping of one vertebra over another, pinching nerves and leading to lower back pain, leg pain, or weakness, often aggravated by movement.
The piriformis muscle in the buttock tightens or spasms, irritating the sciatic nerve and causing pain, tingling, or numbness in the hip and leg.
Inflammation or dysfunction of the sacroiliac joint, leading to lower back pain, hip discomfort, and nerve irritation that mimics sciatica symptoms.
Understanding these conditions helps identify the right treatment approach.
Symptoms vary based on the condition and structures involved. Common symptoms include:
Pain, numbness, or tingling radiating down the leg.
Chronic back pain with periodic sciatica symptoms.
Pain and weakness in the legs, often worsening with standing or walking.
Pain in the buttock and down the leg, worsened by sitting or climbing stairs
These symptoms may develop gradually or appear suddenly, impacting daily activities and overall quality of life
Diagnosis starts with a detailed medical history to understand when symptoms began, triggers that worsen or improve pain, and how it affects daily life. A physical exam assesses spinal alignment, range of motion, and areas of discomfort. Your doctor may test the function of the lower spine. If necessary, imaging or other diagnostic tests are used to confirm the underlying cause and guide treatment options.
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